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1- L'ÉTAT DES LIEUX DES RÉSEAUX D'ACTEURS DU COMMERCE ÉQUITABLE EN ILE-DE-FRANCE

La première étape du projet PICRI Commerce Équitable est un travail de recherche sur les réseaux d’acteurs du commerce équitable (CE) en Ile-de-France. Un état des lieux des acteurs et réseaux impliqués dans le commerce équitable en Ile-de-France a été réalisé entre 2007 et 2009. Il avait pour objectif d’étudier les relations et les représentations des acteurs du commerce équitable dans le but de définir des actions pour initier une animation régionale et mieux coordonner et mutualiser les moyens des acteurs régionaux du CE en Ile-de-France.  
 
Les résultats ont donné lieu à un rapport de recherche : 
 
qui permet de mieux comprendre le lien de plusieurs types d'acteurs au commerce équitable, sur la base de l'étude menée en Région Ile-de-France :
 

 Définitions

Acteur de commerce équitable : toute structure marchande, de la société civile ou politique qui participe directement ou indirectement à la diffusion du commerce équitable en Ile-de-France (ex : boutiques, GMS, associations de promotion du CE, médias, associations de consommateurs, syndicats, collectivités territoriales, etc.).

Opérateur spécialisé CE : importateurs et distributeurs dont l’activité se revendique quasi-exclusivement dédiée à des produits de commerce équitable mais aussi des associations de promotion du commerce équitable et des labellisateurs exclusifs du commerce équitable.

Opérateurs non spécialisé CE : importateurs, distributeurs et labellisateurs dont seulement une partie des activités concerne des produits de commerce équitable. On y distingue particulièrement les opérateurs bio, les opérateurs de l’insertion, et les opérateurs conventionnels.

+ Typologie des acteurs du CE en Ile-de-France

 Questions

Dans cet état des lieux, il s’agit donc d’articuler ces différentes questions :

  1. Quels sont les acteurs du commerce équitable en Ile-de-France ?
  2. Quelles relations lient ces acteurs entre eux (commerciale, politique, professionnelle, etc.) ?
  3. Y-a-t-il un lien entre les relations établies et la représentation du commerce équitable de chaque acteur du CE en Ile-de-France ?
  4. Quelles préconisations de mise en relation définir pour promouvoir et développer le commerce équitable en Ile-de-France?

 Méthode

Dans un premier temps, on se propose d’identifier les acteurs du CE en Ile-de-France : à partir d’une typologie pré-établie, on a procédé à un recensement le plus exhaustif possible des acteurs du CE en Ile-de-France à partir de sources tels que guides, annuaires, listes internes, etc. Il a permis d'établir plusieurs annuaires et plusieurs cartes :

+ Annuaires 2007 des acteurs du commerce équitable en Ile-de-France : Opérateurs spécialisés CE  - Opérateurs bio - Associations de consommateursOrganisations de solidarité internationale

+ Cartes des opérateurs spécialisés en commerce équitable en Ile-de-France : Carte par Activité - Carte par Filière - Carte par Réseau

Dans un deuxième temps, des entretiens sont menés auprès d’un échantillon d’acteurs du CE en Ile-de-France pour :

  1. Caractériser la structure, ses moyens d’action et ses activités
  2. Identifier les relations avec les parties prenantes liées au CE
  3. Caractériser la représentation du commerce équitable
  4. Identifier les besoins et attentes en matière de mise en relation/coordination/mutualisation concernant le CE en Ile-de-France

 Résultats

En 2007, 21 opérateurs spécialisés du CE, 7 opérateurs bio non spécialisés CE, 2 opérateurs de l’insertion non spécialisés CE et 5 associations de consommateurs ont été rencontrés. Les premiers résultats de l’analyse ont été discutés lors du 1er Atelier PICRI CE qui s’est déroulé le 27 novembre 2007. 

+ CR 1er Atelier de Restitution 27 novembre 2007 - Opérateurs spécialisés, opérateurs bio et associations de consommateurs

En 2008, l’étude s'est poursuivie avec la rencontre de 22 entreprises conventionnelles ayant une activité dans le CE et 11 entretiens auprès de techniciens et élus des collectivités territoriales d'Ile-de-France. Ces résultats ont été exposés lors du 2e Atelier PICRI CE qui a été organisé le 23 juin 2008.

+ CR 2nd Atelier de Restitution 23 juin 2008 - Entreprises conventionnelles et collectivités territoriales

Fin 2008, l'étude sur les collectivités territoriales a été complétée, et six étudiants de l'IEDES ont mené une étude sur les Organisations de la solidarité internationale et CE. 

+ CR Réunion restitution services Région Ile-de-France 26 janvier 2009 - Collectivités territoriales

 Pour conclure le diagnostic, un rapport de recherche a été publié au second semestre 2009:

      + Rapport "Les réseaux d'acteurs du commerce équitable - Exemple de l'Ile-de-France", PFCE-IEDES 2009

D'autre part, les résultats ont donné lieu à plusieurs publications scientifiques dont un poster :         
+ Poster FTIS 2008 Mai 2008 "Le Nouveau paysage des acteurs du CE en France"